General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

Learning objectives by module

Part 1: General Chemistry

Unit 1, Matter, Measurement and Energy

Module 1, Basic Concepts of Matter

• Describe the three states of matter.
• Classify matter as element, compound or mixture.
• Describe physical and chemical changes and properties.

Module 2, Measurements

• Use the International System of Units for measurements.
• Record measurements and calculations using the correct number of significant figures.
• Determine the accuracy and precision of sets of data.
• Convert units using dimensional analysis.
• Determine the density of a substance. 
• Calculate medication dosages based on patient-specific factors, such as weight and prescribed dosage guidelines.

Module 3, Energy, Heat and Temperature

• Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.
• Recognize the relationship between heat, temperature and kinetic energy.
• Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reactions.
• Convert among the temperature scales of Fahrenheit,Celsius, and Kelvin.
• Convert among units of energy.
• Apply the specific heat equation to solve for unknown variables.

 

Unit 2, Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry

Module 4, Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

• Describe the structure of the atom and its subatomic particles.
• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table of elements.
• Interpret chemical symbols for isotopes and ions.
• Apply the concepts of isotopes and their percent abundance to perform calculations related to atomic mass.

Module 5, Arrangement of Electrons

• Describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom with electron configurations and orbital diagrams for elements.
• Determine numbers of valence electrons for main-group elements.
• Compare relative sizes and ionization energies of atoms of different elements.

Module 6, Nuclear Chemistry

• Explain and use mathematical relationships among frequency, wavelength, and energy to analyze electromagnetic radiation.

• Write nuclear equations for alpha, beta and gamma radioactive decay.
• Apply the concept of half-life to calculate the time for radioactive decay and the remaining mass of an isotope over time.
• Analyze the effects of radiation exposure and apply principles of nuclear chemistry to explain the medical and biological applications of radioisotopes.

 

 Unit 3, Ionic and Molecular Bonding and Compounds

Module 7, Ionic and Molecular Bonding and Compounds

• Describe ionic and covalent bond formation.
• Write electron configurations for ions.
• Name and write chemical formulas for compounds.

Module 8, Structure of Molecular Compounds

• Recognize differences between molecular and structural formulas.
• Draw Lewis structures depicting the bonding in molecules.
• Assess the polarity of covalent bonds.

Module 9, Molecular Structure and Polarity

• Predict the structure of molecules using valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
• Assess the polarity of a molecule based on its bonding and structure.

 

Unit 4, Chemical Reactions

Module 10, Chemical Reactions and Equations

• Represent chemical reactions with chemical equations.
• Classify chemical reactions.
• Predict the products of chemical reactions.
• Describe oxidation-reduction reactions.

Module 11, Mole Conversions

• Convert amounts of substances among moles, particles and mass.

Module 12, Quantities in Chemical Reactions

• Apply stoichiometric relationships to calculate amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions.
• Identify limiting reactants in chemical reactions.
• Calculate the percent yield of a chemical reaction.
• Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Unit 5, Solids, Liquids and Gases

Module 13, States of Matter and Intermolecular Forces

• Compare and contrast intermolecular and intramolecular forces.
• Explain how temperature affects the strength of intermolecular forces and determines the state of matter of a substance.
• Predict and explain differences in melting points and boiling points of ionic and molecular compounds.

Module 14, Gases

• Describe the relationship between the kinetic molecular theory and gas laws.
• Calculate pressure, temperature, volume, or amount of gas by applying the appropriate gas law.

Unit 6, Solutions

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Module 15, Overview of Solutions

Module 16, Concentrations of Solutions

Unit 7, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium

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Module 17, Basic Concepts of Equilibrium and Reaction Rates

Module 18, Le Chatelier’s Principle and Equilibrium Calculations

Unit 8, Acids and Bases

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Module 19, Defining and Measuring Acids and Bases

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Module 20, Strong and Weak Acids and Bases

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Module 21, Buffers

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Part 2, Organic Chemistry

Unit 1, Overview of Organic Chemistry

Module 1, Overview of Organic Chemistry

• Determine whether a substance is an organic compound based on its chemical formula.
• Write Lewis structures for organic compounds.
• Explain the importance of functional groups and recognize their common representations.
• Classify oxygen-containing functional groups.
• Classify nitrogen-containing functional groups.

Unit 2, Hydrocarbons

Module 2, Alkanes

• Translate between structural, condensed and line formulas for alkanes.
• Apply the IUPAC rules to name straight-chain, branched and cyclo alkanes.
• Analyze structures to determine if they are isomers or non-isomers.

Module 3, Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatics

• Apply the IUPAC rules to name alkenes, alkynes and aromatics.
• Describe the molecular structure of alkenes, alkynes and aromatics.

Module 4, Properties and Reactions of Hydrocarbons

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Unit 3, Oxygen and Nitrogen Containing Organic Compounds

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Module 5, Alcohols and Ethers

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Module 6, Aldehydes and Ketones

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Module 7, Carboxylic Acids and Esters

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Module 8, Amines and Amides

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Unit 4, Biological Macromolecules

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Module 9, Carbohydrates

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Module 10, Lipids

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Module 11, Amino Acids and Proteins

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Module 12, Enzymes

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Module 13, Nucleic Acids

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Unit 5, Metabolism

Module 14, Metabolism and Energy

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Module 15, Metabolism of Carbohydrates

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Module 16, Metabolism of Lipids and Amino Acids

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